From: Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of dementia
Study | No. of patients and treatment groups | Duration (weeks) | Ginkgo biloba dose (mg) | Age (y) (mean [SD]) | Gender female (%) | Inclusion criteria | Endpoint | Baseline cognitive scale (mean [SD]) | Jadad score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herrschaft et al. [16] | Total: 402 EGb 761: 200 Placebo: 202 | 24 | EGb 761: 240 once daily | Ginkgo: 65.1 (8.8) Placebo: 64.9 (9.4) | Ginkgo: 139 (69.5) Placebo: 140 (69.3) | Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA Possible AD with cerebrovascular disorder by NINCDS-AIREN Probable VaD by NINCDS-AIREN SKT: 9–23 (moderate dementia), HAMD <20 (except for serious depression) | Ginkgo: 15.1 (4.1) Placebo: 15.3 (4.2) | 4 | |
Ihl et al. [17] | Total: 404 EGb 761: 202 Placebo: 202 | 24 | EGb 761: 240 once daily | Ginkgo: 65.0 (10.0) Placebo: 65.0 (9.0) | Ginkgo: 139 (69) Placebo: 133 (66) | Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA Possible AD with cerebrovascular disorder by NINCDS-AIREN Probable VaD by NINCDS-AIREN SKT: 9–23 (mild–moderate dementia), MMSE: 14–25, ADAS-Cog: 17–35 | Ginkgo: 16.7 (3.9) Placebo: 17.2 (3.7) | 4 | |
Ihl et al. [18] | Total: 404 EGb 761: 202 (AD 163, VaD 39) Placebo: 202 (AD 170, VaD 32) | 24 | EGb 761: 240 once daily | AD: Ginkgo: 64.9 (9.5) Placebo: 64.2 (8.7) VaD: 65.8 (10.0) Placebo: 66.5 (10.7) | AD: Ginkgo: 109 (66.9) Placebo: 111 (65.3) VaD: Ginkgo: 30 (76.9) Placebo: 22 (68.8) | Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA Possible AD with cerebrovascular disorder by NINCDS-AIREN Probable VaD by NINCDS-AIREN SKT: 9–23 (mild–moderate dementia), MMSE: 14–25, ADAS-Cog: 17–35 | SKT | AD: Ginkgo: 16.4 (3.8) Placebo: 17.0 (3.8) VaD: Ginkgo: 17.8 (3.9) Placebo: 18.3 (3.4) | 4 |
Napryeyenko et al. [19] | Total: 395 EGb 761: 198 Placebo: 197 | 22 | EGb 761: 240 twice daily | Ginkgo: 65.0 (8.0) Placebo: 63.0 (8.0) | Ginkgo: 143 (72) Placebo: 142 (72) | Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA Possible AD with cerebrovascular disorder by NINCDS-AIREN Probable VaD by NINCDS-AIREN SKT: 9–23 (mild–moderate dementia), MMSE: 14–25, ADAS-Cog: 17–35 | Ginkgo: 15.6 (3.9) Placebo: 15.4 (3.7) | 5 | |
Napryeyenko et al. [20] | Total: 400 EGb 761: 200 (AD 106, VaD 94; Dropped, AD 2) Placebo: 200 (AD 112, VaD 88; Dropped, AD 2, VaD 1) | 22 | EGb 761: 240 twice daily | AD: Ginkgo: 66.0 (8.0) Placebo: 64.0 (8.0) VaD: Ginkgo: 63.0 (8.0) Placebo: 63.0 (9.0) | AD: Ginkgo: 70 (67) Placebo: 78 (71) VaD: Ginkgo: 73 (78) Placebo: 64 (74) | Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA Possible AD with cerebrovascular disorder by NINCDS-AIREN Probable VaD by NINCDS-AIREN SKT: 9–23 (mild–moderate dementia), MMSE: 14–25, ADAS-Cog: 17–35 | AD: Ginkgo: 16.4 (3.8) Placebo: 15.8 (3.8) VaD: Ginkgo: 14.8 (3.8) Placebo: 15.0 (3.6) | 5 | |
Mazza et al. [21] | Total: 51 EGb: 25 Placebo: 26 | 24 | EGb:160 | Ginkgo: 66.2 (6.0) Placebo: 69.8 (3.0) | Ginkgo: 13 (52) Placebo: 16 (61) | AD by DSM-IV SKT: 8–23, MMSE: 13–25, IQ >80, GDS <11 (except for serious depression) | Ginkgo: 16.45 (3.05) Placebo: 15.90 (3.86) | 4 | |
Kanowski et al. [22] | Total: 205 EGb 761: 106 Placebo: 99 AD: 158 EGb 761: 79 Placebo: 79 | 24 | EGb 761: 240 twice daily | Ginkgo: 72.0 (10.0) Placebo: 72.0 (10.0) | Ginkgo: 72 (68) Placebo: 70 (71) | AD or multiinfarct dementia by DSM-III-R SKT: 6–18, MMSE: 13–25 | Ginkgo: 10.5 (3.2) Placebo: 11.2 (3.3) | 4 | |
van Dongen et al. [23] | Total: 123 EGb 761 (240 mg): 39 EGb 761 (160 mg): 40 Placebo: 44 | 24 | EGb 761: 240 (high dose) 160 (low dose) | Ginkgo: 82.6 (5.1) Placebo: 82.5 (5.8) | Ginkgo: 68 (86) Placebo: 36 (82) | AD, VaD, mixed type, memory disorder with aging, early dementia patients (comparatively slight dementia, if the effect of Ginkgo biloba is marked) by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 SKT: 8–23, GDS <11 (except for serious depression), IQ >80, MMSE: 9–26 | Ginkgo: 15.6 (4.1) Placebo: 14.1 (4.6) | 4 | |
Maurer et al. [24] | Total: 18 EGb 761: 9 Placebo: 9 | 12 | EGb 761: 240 | Ginkgo: 68.5 (6.0) Placebo: 60.6 (8.82) | Ginkgo: 5 (56) Placebo: 4 (44) | AD, probable AD by DSM-III-R, NINCDS-ADRDA | Ginkgo: 19.67 (6.31) Placebo: 18.11 (9.43) | 4 | |
Schneider et al. [25] | Total: 513 EGb 761 (240 mg): 170 EGb 761 (120 mg): 169 Placebo: 174 | 26 | EGb 761: 240 120 twice daily | Ginkgo: 240 mg: 78.1 (7.0) 120 mg: 78.6 (7.0) Placebo: 77.5 (7.4) | Ginkgo: 240 mg: 96 (56) 120 mg: 84 (50) Placebo: 90 (52) | AD by DSM-IV Probable AD by NINCDS-ADRDA MMSE: 10–24 (to prevent excess evaluation, ≥20 not included) | Ginkgo (240 mg): 24.8 (12.7) Ginkgo (120 mg): 24.7 (11.9) Placebo: 25.01 (11.1) | 5 | |
Le Bars et al. [26] | Total: 309 EGb: 155 Placebo: 154 | 26, 52 | EGb: 120 | Ginkgo: 69.0 (10.0) Placebo: 69.0 (10.0) | Ginkgo: 79 (51) Placebo: 87 (56) | Uncomplicated AD or multiinfarct dementia by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 AD MMSE: 9–26, GDS: 3–6 | Ginkgo: 20.0 (16.0) Placebo: 20.5 (14.7) | 3 | |
Le Bars et al. [27] | Total: 309 (AD: 236) EGb 761: 155 (AD: 120) Placebo: 154 (AD: 116) At 26-week endpoint: EGb 761: 136 Placebo: 134 | 26 | EGb 761: 120 | All: Ginkgo: 69.0 (10.0) Placebo: 69.0 (10.0) AD: 68.0 (10.0) Placebo: 68.0 (11.0) | All: Ginkgo: 79 (51) Placebo: 87 (56) AD: 65 (54) Placebo: 72 (62) | Uncomplicated AD or multiinfarct dementia by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 AD MMSE: 9–26, GDS: 3–6 | ADAS- Cog | All: Ginkgo: 20.0 (16.0) Placebo: 20.5 (14.7) AD: Ginkgo: 19.7 (16.4) Placebo: 20.2 (15.2) | 3 |
Le Bars et al. [28] | Total: 236 MMSE >23 EGb 761: 61 Placebo: 61 MMSE <24 EGb 761: 59 Placebo: 55 | 52 | EGb 761: 120 | MMSE >23: Ginkgo: 64.0 (9.0) Placebo: 64.0 (11.0) MMSE <24: Ginkgo: 73.0 (9.0) Placebo: 72.0 (9.0) | MMSE >23: Ginkgo: 34 (56) Placebo: 38 (62) MMSE <24: Ginkgo: 31 (53) Placebo: 34 (62) | Uncomplicated AD or multiinfarct dementia by DSM-III-R, ICD-10 AD MMSE: 9–26, GDS: 3–6 | MMSE >23: Ginkgo: 9.0 (4.0) Placebo: 10.1 (4.9) MMSE <24: Ginkgo: 31.1 (17.0) Placebo: 31.9 (14) | 3 |