Table 3 Median (IQR) differences of EQ-5D-5L utility and EQ-VAS scores with the different patient characteristics
Variables | EQ-5D-5L index median score (IQR) | Mean rank | p-value | EQ-VAS Median score (IQR) | Mean rank | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age category | ||||||
 15–24 | 0.89 [0.77–0.93] | 60.0 | 0.001* | 75[60.0–85.0] | 58.24 | 0.023* |
 25–34 | 0.63 [0.48–0.84] | 37.22 |  | 62[55.0–75.0] | 40.71 |  |
  > 35 | 0.73 [0.32–0.80] | 31.4 |  | 75[35.0–77.5] | 39.40 |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Unmarried | 0.86 [0.64–0.91] | 54.66 | 0.087 | 75[60.0–80.0] | 53.85 | 0.374 |
 Married | 0.65 [0.52–0.85] | 37.35 |  | 70[48.7–76.2] | 44.90 |  |
Education status | ||||||
 Unable to write and read | 0.93 [0.86–1.00] | 81.0 | 0.597 | 60[55.0–70.0] | 32.67 | 0.679 |
 Primary school (1–8) | 0.86 [0.56–0.92] | 53.3 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 52.50 |  |
 Secondary school (9–12) | 0.85 [0.44–0.91] | 51.31 |  | 77[60.0–85.0] | 57.14 |  |
 Diploma | 0.80 [0.54–0.93] | 49.14 |  | 65[50.0–80.0] | 47.57 |  |
 Degree and above | 0.84 [0.61–0.91] | 52.7 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 51.61 |  |
Residence | ||||||
 Addis Ababa | 0.87 [0.73–0.91] | 57.36 | 0.084 | 75[60.0–82.5] | 57.34 | 0.083 |
 Out of Addis Ababa | 0.78 [0.41–0.91] | 46.95 |  | 70[50.0–78.7] | 46.98 |  |
Religion | ||||||
 Orthodox | 0.85 [0.54–0.92] | 52.66 | 0.499 | 75[60.0–85.0] | 57.43 | 0.166 |
 Muslim | 0.85 [0.72–0.89] | 52.5 |  | 70[60.0–78.7] | 46.06 |  |
 Protestant | 0.87[0.0.69–0.93] | 57.93 |  | 70[57.5–80.0] | 49.21 |  |
Employment status | ||||||
 Employed | 0.77 [0.57–0.86] | 44.06 | 0.148 | 75[55.0–77.5] | 48.44 | 0.060 |
 Self-employed | 0.78 [0.31–0.90] | 43.6 |  | 55[42.5–85.0] | 41.30 |  |
 Student | 0.88 [0.71–0.92] | 58.54 |  | 75[60.0–85.0] | 59.18 |  |
 Not working | 0.70 [0.38–0.91] | 43.3 |  | 60[50.0–72.5] | 37.83 |  |
Living with | ||||||
 With Family | 0.85 [0.81–0.91] | 53.29 | 0.461 | 75[60.0–80.0] | 53.94 | 0.499 |
 With other people | 0.87 [0.64–0.91] | 59.4 |  | 75[50.0–77.5] | 44.80 |  |
 Alone | 0.33 [0.33–0.91] | 32.83 |  | 65[45.0–75.0] | 36.17 |  |
Health service charge | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Free | 0.85 [0.61–0.91] | 52.9 | 0.692 | 75[60.0–80.0] | 55.29 | 0.005* |
 Out of pocket | 0.91 [0.53–0.93] | 64.5 |  | 77[75.0–83.7] | 68.63 |  |
 Community-based health insurance | 0.86 [0.43–0.91] | 48.89 |  | 55[42.5–60.0] | 22.67 |  |
Visiting emergency in the past year | ||||||
 No | 0.87 [0.62–0.93] | 57.06 | 0.209 | 75[56.7–85.0] | 54.43 | 0.657 |
 Yes | 0.81 [0.54–0.89] | 49.58 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 51.80 |  |
Hospitalization in the past year | ||||||
 No | 0.85 [0.57–0.91] | 53.43 | 0.758 | 75[60.0–80.0] | 54.84 | 0.184 |
 Yes | 0.86 [0.54–0.91] | 51.05 |  | 60[45.0–80.0] | 44.66 |  |
Time since diagnosis | ||||||
  < 10 years | 0.89 [0.72–0.93] | 61.67 | 0.195 | 75[56.2–85.0] | 56.15 | 0.531 |
 11–19 years | 0.86 [0.60–0.91] | 52.49 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 54.36 |  |
  > 20 years | 0.78 [0.50–0.87] | 46.31 |  | 65[60.0–80.0] | 47.48 |  |
Heavy bleeding in the past year | ||||||
 No | 0.90 [0.81–0.93] | 62.4 | 0.085 | 77[55.0–85.0] | 57.96 | 0.361 |
 Yes | 0.83 [0.54–0.91] | 50.22 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 51.53 |  |
Number of bleedings | ||||||
 None | 0.90 [0.81–0.93] | 61.52 | 0.124 | 77[55.0–85.0] | 56.65 | 0.249 |
 1-3times | 0.85 [0.57–0.91] | 52.12 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 53.66 |  |
  > 4times | 0.65 [0.27–0.86] | 36.63 |  | 60[36.2–78.7] | 36.38 |  |
Family history | ||||||
 No | 0.90 [0.81–0.93] | 60.8 | 0.097 | 80[60.0–81.2] | 59.95 | 0.137 |
 Yes | 0.85 [0.57–0.91] | 49.88 |  | 70[55.0–80.0] | 50.22 |  |
Current treatment | ||||||
 Factor 8 | 0.86 [0.61–0.92] | 54.72 | 0.532 | 75[60.0–90.0] | 54.09 | 0.609 |
 Factor 9 | 0.78 [0.58–0.89] | 46.72 |  | 75[55.0–80.0] | 50.83 |  |
Hemophilia type | ||||||
 Hemophilia A | 0.85 [0.61–0.91] | 53.09 | 0.963 | 70[55.0–80.0] | 50.05 | 0.105 |
 Hemophilia B | 0.86 [0.54–0.89] | 52.78 |  | 75[70.0–80.0] | 60.74 |  |
Target joint involvement | ||||||
 No | 0.86 [0.40–0.89] | 48.78 | 0.490 | 72[60.0–83.7] | 52.63 | 0.951 |
 Yes | 0.85 [0.61–0.92] | 53.99 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 53.09 |  |
Time since treatment started | ||||||
  < 10 years | 0.89 [0.65–0.93] | 59.44 | 0.200 | 75[52.5–85.0] | 55.31 | 0.398 |
 11–19 years | 0.87 [0.64–0.91] | 54.32 |  | 75[60.0–80.0] | 55.38 |  |
  > 20 years | 0.78 [0.50–0.87] | 44.63 |  | 65[55.0–80.0] | 46.19 |  |