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Table 3 Case timeline

From: Pembrolizumab-induced secondary adrenal insufficiency due to adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency in a patient with non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a case report

Date

Events

July 20XX-5

• The patient was diagnosed with stage IIIB lung adenocarcinoma.

July–November 20XX-5

• After chemoradiotherapy, the patient’s lung cancer achieved a complete response.

August 20XX-2

• A recurrence of NSCLC was diagnosed.

September 20XX-2

• Pembrolizumab was started.

June 20XX-1

• After the 11th cycle of pembrolizumab, CT revealed increased liver metastasis, and pembrolizumab was discontinued. CBDCA and nab-PTX chemotherapy were started.

August 20XX-1

• During the third cycle of chemotherapy, the patient began to experience fatigue and dyspnoea. Anorexia was not persistent.

November 20XX-1

• At the beginning of the fifth cycle, the patient reported shortness of breath upon exertion. Fatigue and anorexia became persistent.

December 20XX-1

• On day 23 of the fifth cycle, fever and diarrhoea appeared.

January 20XX

• Fatigue and anorexia persisted without chemotherapy, and the ECOG-PS was 2. It was decided that chemotherapy should be discontinued.

February 20XX

• Cortisol and ACTH levels were markedly decreased, and secondary AI was suspected. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate was intravenously administered, and hydrocortisone was administered orally.

March 20XX:

Day 1 of admission

• Cortisol and ACTH levels at 15:00 and 23:00 were low.

Day 2

• Cortisol and ACTH levels at 7:00 and 10:00 were low. The patient’s pituitary was scanned using contrast-enhanced MRI, and basic hormone levels were measured.

Day 3

• Cortisol level was hyporesponsive in a rapid ACTH loading test.

Day 4

• Cortisol, ACTH, and TSH levels were hyporesponsive in the CRH, TRH, and GnRH loading tests.

Day 5

• The GHRP-2 loading test showed a normal response for GH. Based on previous endocrine function tests, the patient was diagnosed with secondary AI due to ACTH deficiency.

  1. ACTH: adrenocorticotrophic hormone; AI: adrenal insufficiency; CBDCA: carboplatin; CRH: corticotropin-releasing hormone; CT: computed tomography; ECOG-PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; GH: Growth hormone; GHRP-2: growth hormone-releasing peptide-2; GnRH: gonadotropin-releasing hormone; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; nab-PTX: nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; TRH: thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone