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Table 4 Likelihood of incident medicine after initiation of a medicine that may be associated with LUTS (April 2006–January 2014)

From: Prescription rate of medications potentially contributing to lower urinary tract symptoms and detection of adverse reactions by prescription sequence symmetry analysis

 

Medicine

Users of medicine

In the 12 months sequence

In the 3 months sequence

Index → Marker/Marker → Index (n)

Adjusted SR

95% CI

Index → Marker/Marker → Index (n)

Adjusted SR

95% CI

Anti-dementia drugs

Donepezil

7,825

210/109

1.98*

1.57–2.50

175/68

1.32

1.00–3.50

Intestinal Lavage Solution

Intestinal Lavage Solution

54,014

722/404

1.86*

1.65–2.10

528/228

1.17

1.06–2.82

Decongestants and antiallergics

Tranilast

7,161

0/3

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

Ketotifen

4,644

0/0

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

Antineoplastic agents

Cyclophosphamide

7,787

111/77

1.52*

1.14–2.04

64/62

1.42

0.768–1.55

Antiparkinson

Trihexyphenidyl

1,844

24/21

1.14

0.63–2.04

21/13

2

0.804–3.21

Biperiden

3,177

59/41

1.39

0.93–2.07

62/29

1.55

1.33–3.12

 

Amantadine

2,155

99/65

1.53*

1.12–2.09

86/47

1.42

1.29–2.62

Levodopa/Benserazide

1,652

58/32

1.82*

1.18–2.81

49/15

1.78

1.84–5.86

Antidepressants

Mianserin

1,999

73/79

0.94

0.68–1.29

71/65

1.4

0.794–1.56

Paroxetine

9,021

139/70

1.77*

1.33–2.36

120/57

1.37

1.37–2.57

Fluvoxamine

5,178

65/39

1.48

0.99–2.21

62/28

1.56

1.26–3.08

Milnacipran

2,578

52/22

2.10*

1.28–3.45

49/13

1.84

1.82–6.18

Anxiolytic

Diazepam

57,776

658/450

1.44*

1.28–1.63

602/336

1.14

1.55–2.02

Antipsychotic

Chlorpromazine

4,448

121/117

1.09

0.85–1.41

114/91

1.32

1.00–1.74

Risperidone

14,330

466/310

1.55*

1.34–1.79

491/276

1.16

1.58–2.12

Levomepromazine

2,391

59/26

2.20*

1.34–1.79

45/16

1.77

1.54–4.82

Sulpiride

7,600

126/91

1.32*

1.01–1.72

112/65

1.36

1.21–2.22

Drugs for peptic ulcer

Cimetidine

2,886

53/25

1.99*

1.24–3.20

48/18

1.72

1.46–4.30

Scopolamine butylbromide

97,755

909/523

1.72*

1.55–1.92

703/391

1.13

1.57–2.02

Anticholinergic bronchodilator

Tiotropium bromide

5,179

234/135

1.75*

1.42–2.16

213/94

1.27

1.80–2.92

Antihistaminic

Chlorpheniramine

3,934

6/7

0.87

0.29–2.60

 

3.72

0.342–4.74

Diphenhydramine

13,073

0/2

NA

NA

4/5

NA

NA

Antiarrhythmics

Cibenzoline

2,038

81/27

2.97*

1.92–4.59

73/21

1.62

2.12–5.59

Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides

Amezinium metilsulfate

1,665

38/20

1.89*

1.10–3.26

34/13

1.89

1.38–4.94

Droxidopa

650

15/17

0.90

0.45–1.79

13/11

2.23

0.537–2.68

Midodrine

1,346

24/20

1.21

0.67–2.20

23/12

2.01

0.964–3.89

Opioids

Morphine

20,378

599/449

1.29*

1.14–1.45

564/370

1.14

1.29–1.68

Codeine phosphate

11,223

234/223

1.04

0.86–1.25

192/137

1.25

1.11–1.72

Oxycodone

6,370

334/289

1.20*

1.03–1.41

333/176

1.2

1.64–2.37

  1. NA: Not applicable. *Statistical significant at an alpha level of 0.05.
  2. Index → Marker (causal): patients initiated marker drug therapy after initiating index drug treatment.
  3. Marker → Index (noncausal): patients initiated index drug therapy after initiating marker drug treatment.
  4. Index drug: Medicine associated with a risk of LUTS. Marker drug: Medication for treating LUTS.
  5. Number of participants who initiated a medicine associated with LUTS between 2005 and 2013.
  6. Sequences of the incident index and marker drugs within 3 or 12 months.
  7. Adjusted for the null-effect SR.
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

ISSN: 2055-0294

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