Table 2 Number of reports and the reporting odds ratio for gingival hyperplasia by drugs

FAERS

 Immunosuppressants

  Cyclosporine

25.9

(20.1–33.5)

39.4

(30.3–51.2)

  Everolimus

4.7

(2.1–10.5)

4.2

(1.7–10.0)

  Sirolimus

6.5

(2.7–15.7)

6.6

(2.5–17.7)

  Mycophenolate mofetil

11.3

(7.8–16.3)

13.1

(7.2–23.2)

 Calcium Channel Blockers

  Amlodipine

20.9

(17.7–24.8)

94.8

(80.0–112.9)

  Benidipine

  Nicardipine

–^c

–^c

  Nifedipine

9.3

(6.1–14.1)

57.9

(35.7–94.0)

 Anticonvulsants

  Carbamazepine

9.6

(6.7–13.7)

15.1

(10.3–22.3)

  Clobazam

25.8

(14.2–46.9)

65.4

(33.8–126.7)

  Diazepam

1.8

(0.9–3.5)

1.9

(0.6–5.9)

  Gabapentin

1.1

(0.6–2.0)

0.8

(0.2–3.3)

  Levetiracetam

39.6

(23.3–67.4)

6.5

(3.6–11.8)

  Phenobarbital

17.4

(10.9–27.8)

19.7

(8.8–44.0)

  Phenytoin

39.5

(31.8–49.2)

65.4

(52.4–82.9)

  Primidone

27.9

(14.9–52.3)

56.5

(21.1–151.7)

  Topiramate

2.2

(1.0–4.6)

2.9

(1.1–7.7)

  Valproic acid

9.6

(7.1–13.1)

17.5

(12.6–24.4)

  Zonisamide

7.1

(2.6–18.9)

1.3

(0.7–2.5)

JADER

 Immunosuppressants

  Cyclosporine

10.1

(5.7–17.9)

15.8

(8.9–28.2)

  Mycophenolate mofetil

3.1

(1.0–9.9)

–^c

 Calcium Channel Blockers

  Amlodipine

3.8

(2.3–6.5)

41.3

(24.4–69.8)

  Benidipine

–^c

–^c

  Nicardipine

16.3

(6.6–40.4)

96.6

(38.8–240.5)

  Nifedipine

4.5

(2.2–9.4)

36.7

(15.9–84.6)

 Anticonvulsants

  Carbamazepine

16.6

(9.8–28.1)

21.1

(12.2–36.4)

  Clobazam

77.2

(40.7–146.4)

268.4

(136.6–527.3)

  Diazepam

16.0

(8.2–31.0)

47.9

(20.8–110.5)

  Gabapentin

9.0

(2.2–36.8)

–^c

  Levetiracetam

19.4

(8.4–44.6)

24.4

(9.9–60.5)

  Phenobarbital

28.9

(15.6–53.5)

53.5

(26.7–107.3)

  Phenytoin

59.0

(37.1–93.9)

98.9

(60.4–161.9)

  Primidone

236.0

(84.7–657.8)

1078.9

(361.8–3217.5)

  Topiramate

–^c

–^c

  Valproic acid

24.9

(15.6–39.8)

54.9

(33.0–91.2)

  Zonisamide

30.5

(16.5–56.3)

44.8

(21.5–93.2)