Baseline | After changes | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number (i.e., type) of oral drugs (per day) | |||
OADs | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.537 |
Other drugs | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.000 |
Type of OADs used | |||
Sulphonylurea | 8 (28%) | 6 (21%) | 0.500 |
Alfa-glucosidase inhibitor | 11 (38%) | 6 (21%) | 0.063 |
Glinide | 3 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 1.000 |
Biguanide | 23 (79%) | 25 (86%) | 0.500 |
Thiazolidinedione | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 1.000 |
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor | 19 (66%) | 22 (76%) | 0.250 |
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 1.000 |
Frequency of taking medications (times/day) | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Taking medicationsa | |||
In time with all three meals | 20 (69%) | 2 (7%) | < 0.001 |
In time with two meals | 9 (31%) | 17 (59%) | |
In time with one meal | 0 (0%) | 10 (34%) | |
Taking medications | |||
Both before and after meals | 14 (48%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
Only after meals | 14 (48%) | 21 (72%) | 0.016 |
Only before meals | 1 (3%) | 8 (28%) | 0.039 |
Change in dose of OADsb | |||
None increased or decreased | – | 7 (24%) | – |
None increased and one or more decreased | – | 12 (41%) | – |
One increased and more decreased | – | 1 (3%) | – |
One increased and one decreased | – | 9 (31%) | – |
Others | – | 0 (0%) | |
Use of anti-diabetic combination drug | 1 (3%) | 8 (28%) | 0.016 |
Total number of pills (per day) | 5.7 ± 2.0 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
Pattern of administration schedulec | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Pharmacy cost for a 28-day supply (yen) | 11,689 ± 5613 | 10,885 ± 4511 | 0.0498 |
Drug cost (yen) | 8247 ± 5128 | 7917 ± 4284 | 0.348 |
Dispensing fee (yen) | 3442 ± 805 | 2968 ± 694 | 0.001 |