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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes at study entry

From: The relationship between patients’ perception of type 2 diabetes and medication adherence: a cross-sectional study in Japan

 

Total

Hospital

(n = 92)

Community pharmacy

(n = 67)

p-valuea

n

%

n

%

n

%

Gender

male

110

69.2

72

78.3

38

56.7

0.005*

female

49

30.8

20

21.7

29

43.3

Age (year)

median

[range]

68

[32–88]

 

65[32–87]

 

70[42–88]

 

0.001*

BMI

median

[range]

24.0

[15.2–34.8]

 

24.0[15.9–34.8]

 

24.0[15.2–34.0]

 

0.446

Diabetes Duration (year)

median

[range]

11,0

[0–55]

 

12.0[0–55]

 

10.0[1–53]

 

0.447

HbA1c

(%)

median

[range]

7.0

[4.4–10.6]

 

7.0

[4.4–10.0]

 

7.1

[5.9–10.6]

 

0.364

Diabetes history of relatives

yes

88

55.3

48

52.2

40

 

0.420

no

71

44.7

44

47.8

27

 

Complications

retinopathy

14

8.8

9

9.8

5

7.5

0.779

nephropathy

10

6.3

8

8.7

2

3.0

0.193

neuropathy

16

10.1

8

8.7

8

11.9

0.596

cardiovascular

18

11.3

11

12.0

7

10.4

0.806

non

106

66.7

62

67.4

45

67.2

0.923

Therapy

exercise therapy

52

32.7

33

35.9

19

28.4

0.393

diet therapy

71

44.7

47

51.1

24

35.8.

0.075

insulin therapy

54

34.0

40

43.5

14

20.9

0.004*

Diabetes knowledge

(the general knowledge subscale)

average (SD)

[range]

9.8

(3.4)

[0–16]

 

10.4

(2.4)

[4–16]

 

8.9

(4.2)

[0–16]

 

0.050

Number of medications

median

[range]

5

[1–20]

 

5

[1–20]

 

5

[1–17]

 

0.577

Number of doses per day

median

[range]

8

[0–50]

 

9

[1–50]

 

8

[0–28]

 

0.137

Patient’s perception

Factor 1. Feeling of inferiority

3.1

(2.3)

[0–10]

 

3.0

(2.2)

[0–8]

 

3.2

(2.5)

[0–10]

 

0.745

Factor 2. Living a tidy life

6.9

(2.1)

[0–10]

 

7.1

(2.1)

[0–10]

 

6.8

(2.1)

[1–10]

 

0.195

Factor 3. Feeling of restriction

5.2

(1.9)

[0.2–9]

 

4.9

(1.9)

[0.2–8.6]

 

5.5

(1.7)

[1–9]

 

0.076

Factor 4. Feeling miserable

5.3

(2.1)

[0–10]

 

5.6

(2.1)

[0–10]

 

4.9

(2.1)

[0–9.67]

 

0.028

Factor 5. Feeling of getting into trouble

3.9

(1.9)

[0–9.67]

 

3.8

(1.7)

[0–7.17]

 

3.9

(2.2)

[0–9.67]

 

0.919

Factor 6. Feeling of intemperance

6.2

(1.9)

[0–10]

 

6.4

(1.7)

[2.33–10]

 

6.1

(2.2)

[0–9.33]

 

0.797

Factor 7. Feeling of portentous

6.5

(2.0)

[0.67–10]

 

6.8

(1.6)

[2.33–10]

 

6.0

(2.3)

[0.67–10]

 

0.013

  1. aMann–Whitney U-test or Fisher’s exact test was used to test the mean difference between individuals at hospital and community pharmacy; Pearson’s chi-square test was used to test the distribution difference of categories between individuals at hospital and community pharmacy