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Table 5 Patient characteristics for each group

From: The relationship between patients’ perception of type 2 diabetes and medication adherence: a cross-sectional study in Japan

 

Group1

Group2

Group3

Group4

p-valuea

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Gender

male

45

68.2

13

76.5

40

69.0

12

66.7

0.917

female

21

31.8

4

23.5

18

31.0

6

33.3

Age (year)

median

68

(10.3)

65

(11.6)

69

(10.7)

60

(13.6)

0.011*

[range]

[34–88]

 

[32–76]

 

[42–88]

 

[35–83]

 

BMI

median

[range]

23.4

[15.2–34.8]

 

23.5

[15.9–29.6]

 

24.7

[18.6–34.0]

 

26.2

[17.7–32.7]

 

0.014*

Diabetes duration (year)

median

[range]

15

[0–53]

 

10

[1–25]

 

11

[0–55]

 

10

[1–25]

 

0.270

HbA1c (%)

median

[range]

7.0

[4.4–9.2]

 

7.4

[5.6–10.0]

 

6.9

[5.9–10.6]

 

7.4

[5.8–9.9]

 

0.111

Diabetes history of relatives of Relatives

yes

45

68.2

10

58.8

24

41.4

9

50.0

0.026*

no

21

31.8

7

41.2

34

58.6

9

50.0

Complications

Diabetic retinopathy

8

12.1

1

5.9

5

8.6

0

0.0

0.419

Nephropathy

4

6.1

0

0.0

6

10.3

0

0.0

0.264

Neuropathy

8

12.1

3

17.6

5

8.6

0

0.0

0.316

Heart disease

12

18.2

1

5.9

4

6.9

1

5.6

0.150

none

41

62.1

12

70.6

37

63.8

17

88.9

0.176

Therapy

Exercise therapy

22

33.3

5

29.4

18

31.0

7

38.9

0.923

Dietary Therapy

29

43.9

10

58.8

25

43.1

7

38.9

0.638

Insulin therapy

20

30.3

8

47.1

18

31.0

8

44.4

0.424

Number of medications

median

[range]

5

[5.6–10.0]

 

5

[1–13]

 

5

[1–15]

 

6

[2–11]

 

0.849

Number of doses per day

median

[range]

9

[1–28]

 

7

[1–23]

 

8

[0–50]

 

8

[2–20]

 

0.543

Diabetes knowledge

average (SD)

[range]

10.5

(2.9)

[0–16]

 

10

(2.1)

[5–13]

 

9.0

(4.0)

[0–15]

 

9.3

(3.3)

[0–14]

 

0.321

Patient’s perception

Factor 1. Feeling of inferiority

2.9

(2.3)

[0–8]

 

2.9

(2.0)

[0–6.6]

 

3.1

(2.4)

[0–10]

 

3.8

(2.3)

[0–8]

 

0.515

 

Factor 2. Living a tidy life

7.5

(1.8)

[3–10]

 

6.6

(1.2)

[5–9]

 

6.8

(2.3)

[0–10]

 

5.6

(2.4)

[1–9.33]

 

0.012*

 

Factor 3. Feeling of restriction

5.3

(1.9)

[0.8–9]

 

5.9

(1.7)

[1–7.8]

 

5.0

(1.9)

[0.2–8]

 

4.8

(1.9)

[1–7.4]

 

0.209

 

Factor 4. Feeling miserable

5.3

(2.1)

[0–9.33]

 

5.4

(1.8)

[2.33–9.33]

 

5.4

(2.3)

[0–10]

 

5.1

(2.0)

[1.67–9]

 

0.980

 

Factor 5. Feeling of getting into trouble

4.0

(2.2)

[0–9.33]

 

4.2

(1.7)

[0.83–7]

 

3.9

(1.7)

[0.5–9.67]

 

3.1

(1.6)

[0–6.33]

 

0.282

 

Factor 6. Feeling of overindulgence

6.7

(1.9)

[0–10]

 

6.2

(1.7)

[4–10]

 

6.0

(1.9)

[0.67–9.33]

 

5.4

(1.9)

[2.33–9]

 

0.044*

 

Factor 7. Feeling of portentous

6.4

(1.8)

[2–10]

 

7.3

(1.4)

[4.33–10]

 

6.5

(2.3)

[0.67–10]

 

5.9

(1.9)

[2–9]

 

0.181

  1. aKruskal–Wallis test was used to test the mean difference among four groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to test the distribution difference of categories between individuals at the hospital and the community pharmacy. BMI, body mass index. *significant at 0.05 level