Table 1 Characteristics of 17 randomized, double-blind, controlled trials included in the meta-analysis
Author | Country | Comorbid, co-intervention | Doses [mg/day], (n) | Duration (weeks) | HbA1c at baseline (%) | TG at baseline (mg/dL) | HDL-C at baseline (mg/dL) | LDL-C at baseline (mg/dL) | Jadad Scale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ji 2014 [16] | China, Korea, Taiwan India | Diet and exercise | DAPA: 5 (128), 10 (133), P: (132) | 24 | DAPA: 8.1, 8.3, P: 8.4 | NR | NR | NR | 5 |
Kadowaki 2014 [17] | Japan | Diet and exercise | EMPA: 5 (110), 10 (109), 25 (109), 50 (110), P: (109) | 12 | EMPA: 7.9, 7.9, 7.9, 8.0, P: 7.9 | EMPA:148.8, 128.5, 146.2, 148.8, P: 144.4 | EMPA: 55.3, 58.8 57.7, 57.7, P: 57.3 | EMPA: 127.3, 125.0, 125.0, 123.8, P: 124.2 | 4 |
Kashiwagi 2015A [18] | Japan | Renal impairment, diet/exercise, or using an OHA | IPRA: 50 (118), P: (46) | 24 | IPRA: 7.5, P: 7.5 | IPRA: 137.6, P: 123.4 | IPRA: 57.0, P: 56.4 | IPRA: 114.3, P: 112.4 | 5 |
Lu 2016 [19] | Korea, Taiwan | Diet, exercise, and metformin | IPRA: 50 (87), P: (83) | 24 | IPRA: 7.7, P: 7.8 | NR | NR | NR | 5 |
Kashiwagi 2015B [20] | Japan | Diet and metformin | IPRA: (112), P: (56) | 24 | IPRA: 8.3, P: 8.4 | IPRA: 165.4, P: 129.3 | IPRA: 53.6, P: 57.4, | IPRA: 108.0, P: 113.6 | 4 |
Kashiwagi 2015C [21] | Japan | Sulfonylurea | IPRA: 50 (165), P (75) | 24 | IPRA: 8.4, P: 8.3 | IPRA: 159.6, P: 151.3 | IPRA: 57.6, P: 58.4 | IPRA: 124.2, P: 120.4 | 5 |
Kashiwagi 2015D [22] | Japan | Pioglitazone | IPRA: 50 (97), P: (54) | 24 | IPRA: 8.2, P: 8.4 | IPRA: 142.9, P: 135.2 | IPRA: 61.1, P: 61.3 | IPRA: 116.7, P: 130.4 | 5 |
Kashiwagi 2015E [23] | Japan | Diet and exercise | IPRA: 50 (62), P: (67) | 16 | IPRA: 8.4, P: 8.3 | IPRA: 159.4, P: 148.1 | IPRA:56.0, P: 52.1 | IPRA: 124.4, P: 127.1 | 5 |
Haneda 2016 [24] | Japan | Renal impairment, Diet/exercise or using 1–2 OHAs | LUSEO: 2.5–5.0 (95), P: (50) | 24 | LUSEO: 7.7, P: 7.7 | LUSEO: 147.7, P: 148.1 | LUSEO:57.7, P:52.9 | LUSEO: 115.1, P: 119.3 | 4 |
Seino 2014A [25] | Japan | Diet | LUSEO: 2.5 (79), P: (79) | 24 | LUSEO: 8.1, P: 8.2 | LUSEO: 149.5, P: 141.5 | LUSEO: 58. 0, P: 60.2 | LUSEO: 131.0, P: 127.8 | 5 |
Seino 2014B [26] | Japan | Diet | LUSEO: 1.0 (55), 2.5 (56), 5 (54), 10 (58), P: (57) | 12 | LUSEO: 7.8, 8.1, 7.9, 8.0, P: 7.9 | LUSEO: 156.1, 167.6, 136.2, 124.7, P:165.7 | LUSEO: 56.7, 53.6, 54.2, 58.7, P: 55.0 | LUSEO: 126.1, 128.8, 115.4, 121.4, P: 117.9 | 5 |
Seino 2014C [27] | Japan | Diet | LUSEO: 0.5 (60), 2.5 (61), 5 (61), P: (54) | 12 | LUSEO: 8.2, 8.1, 8.2, P: 7.9 | LUSEO: 173.7, 150.2, 160.4, P:170.0 | NR | NR | 5 |
Inagaki 2016 [28] | Japan | Diet, exercise, and insulin | CANA: 100 (76), P: (70) | 16 | CANA: 8.9, P: 8.9 | CANA: 124.5, P: 144.0 | CANA: 61.9, P: 57.6 | CANA: 122.4, P: 121.9 | 5 |
Ji 2015 [29] | China, Malaysia, Vietnam | Metformin alone or metformin plus sulfonylurea | CANA: 100 (223), 300 (227), P (226) | 18 | CANA: 8.0, 8.0, P: 7.9 | CANA: 163.7, 180.8, P: 169.1 | CANA: 51.0, 48.8, P: 49.1 | CANA: 104.3, 100.8, P: 98.3 | 4 |
Inagaki 2014 [30] | Japan | Diet and exercise | CANA: 100 (90), 200 (88), P: (93) | 24 | CANA: 8.0, 8.0, P: 8.0 | CANA: 150.9, 148.9, P: 158.1 | CANA: 54.9, 55.3, P: 55.8 | CANA: 127.3, 120.1, P: 124.8 | 5 |
Inagaki 2013 [31] | Japan | Diet and exercise | CANA: 50 (82), 100 (74), 200 (76), 300 (75), P: (75) | 12 | CANA: 8.1, 8.1, 8.1, 8.2, P: 8.0 | NR | NR | NR | 5 |
Kaku 2014 [32] | Japan | Diet and exercise | TOFO: 10 (57), 20 (58), 40 (58), P: (56) | 24 | TOFO: 8.5, 8.3, 8.4, P: 8.4 | NR | NR | NR | 5 |