Table 2 Characteristics of case-control studies included in the present meta-analysis
Study | Country | Sample size (case/control) | Age | Female (%) | Anatomical site of fracture | AC burden scale | AC exposure | Adjusted for confounders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chatterjee et al. (2016) [19] | USA | 202,260 (40,452/161,808) | 81.1 ± 7.4 yr | 85 | hip or femur | ADS | prescribed 30–90 days before fracture | age, sex, medications, race, medications (cardiovascular drugs, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines), and comorbidities (dementia, mood disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, insomnia, cerebrovascular events, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis), and duration of depression |
Machado-Duque et al. (2018) [38] | Colombia | 900 (300/600) | 81.6 ± 8.9 yr | 71 | hip | ARS | prescribed 30 days before fracture | use of statins, proton pump inhibitors, corticosteroids, oral antidiabetics, polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs), and treatment city |