Table 1 Patient characteristics

Patient background

 Age, years

69 [53 − 78]

74 [64 − 80]

0.04^c

 Male gender, N (%)

151 (60.6)

22 (68.8)

0.37^a

 Height, cm

161.9 ± 10.4

158.4 ± 8.7

0.09^b

 Body weight, kg

58.4 [49.8 − 67.8]

50.2 [45.5 − 58.2]

< 0.01^c

 Body mass index, kg/m²

22.6 [19.7 − 25.4]

20.1 [18.3 − 22.0]

< 0.01^c

Main disease at admission

 Infection, N (%)

43 (17.3)

10 (31.3)

0.06^a

 Cancer, N (%)

26 (10.4)

4 (12.5)

0.72^a

 Hematologic malignancy, N (%)

17 (6.8)

3 (9.4)

0.60^a

 Solid cancer, N (%)

9 (3.6)

1 (3.1)

0.89^a

 Rheumatic diseases, N (%)

21 (8.4)

1 (3.1)

0.29^a

 Interstitial lung disease, N (%)

44 (17.7)

3 (9.4)

0.24^a

 Nephrotic syndrome, N (%)

9 (3.6)

2 (6.3)

0.47^a

 Blood disease, N (%)

10 (4.0)

0 (0.0)

0.25^a

 Hepatitis, N (%)

14 (5.6)

0 (0.0)

0.17^a

 Renal transplantation, N (%)

49 (19.7)

2 (6.3)

0.06^a

 Others, N (%)

33 (13.3)

10 (31.3)

Comorbidity

 Diabetes, N (%)

55 (22.1)

10 (31.3)

0.25^a

 Hypertension, N (%)

113 (45.4)

20 (62.5)

0.07^a

Clinical laboratory data

 Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.8 [0.6 − 1.1]

0.9 [0.6 − 1.2]

0.42^c

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

71.7 ± 31.6

67.4 ± 28.6

0.46^b

 BUN, mg/dL

17.5 [13.3–23.7]

20.6 [13.3 − 29.4]

0.09^c

 Serum Na, mEq/L

137.6 ± 4.1

137.5 ± 4.8

0.87^b

 Serum K, mEq/L

4.1 [3.9 − 4.5]

4.2 [3.8 − 4.7]

0.74^c

 Serum Cl, mEq/L

104.8 ± 4.5

106.1 ± 5.7

0.19^b

Purpose of administration

 Treatment, N (%)

73 (29.3)

19 (59.4)

< 0.01^a

 Pneumocystis pneumonia, N (%)

41 (16.5)

7 (21.9)

 Urinary tract infection, N (%)

15 (6.0)

6 (18.8)

 Bacterial pneumonia, N (%)

11 (4.4)

2 (6.3)

 Skin and soft tissue infection, N (%)

2 (0.8)

2 (6.3)

 Arthritis, N (%)

2 (0.8)

1 (3.1)

 Suppurative discitis, N (%)

1 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

 Psoas abscess, N (%)

0 (0.0)

1 (3.1)

 Pharyngitis, N (%)

1 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

 Prophylaxis, N (%)

176 (70.7)

13 (40.6)

SMX/TMP daily dose, mg

400/80 [160/32–1600/320]

1600/320 [240/48–1600/32]

< 0.01^c

Treatment duration, day

8 [5 − 15]

8 [5 − 16]

0.77^c

Concomitant medications

 NSAIDs, N (%)

24 (9.6)

3 (9.4)

0.96^a

 ACEi/ARB, N (%)

46 (18.5)

6 (18.8)

0.97^a

 Loop diuretics, N (%)

29 (11.6)

11 (34.4)

< 0.01^a

 β-lactams, N (%)

75 (30.1)

16 (50.0)

0.02^a

 Glycopeptides, N (%)

3 (1.2)

3 (9.4)

 < 0.01^a

 Aminoglycosides, N (%)

3 (1.2)

2 (6.3)

0.04^a

 Quinolones, N (%)

36 (14.5)

3 (9.4)

0.43^a

 Calcineurin inhibitors, N (%)

61 (24.5)

3 (9.4)

0.05^a