Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the patients stratified by direct oral anticoagulant
Characteristics | Overall (n = 316) | Dabigatran (n = 28) | Rivaroxaban (n = 107) | Apixaban (n = 116) | Edoxaban (n = 65) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, median (IQR) | 75 (66–81) | 71 (65–80) | 71 (65–79) | 79 (73–83) | 75 (65–81) |
  < 65 | 57 (18.0) | 6 (21.4) | 24 (22.4) | 13 (11.2) | 14 (21.5) |
 65 ≤ − < 70 | 48 (15.2) | 6 (21.4) | 25 (23.4) | 9 (7.8) | 8 (12.3) |
 70 ≤ − < 75 | 46 (14.6) | 3 (10.7) | 16 (15.0) | 18 (15.5) | 9 (13.8) |
 75 ≤ − < 80 | 65 (20.6) | 6 (21.4) | 16 (15.0) | 26 (22.4) | 17 (26.2) |
 80≤ | 100 (31.6) | 7 (25.0) | 26 (24.3) | 50 (43.1) | 17 (26.2) |
Male gender | 197 (62.3) | 22 (78.6) | 72 (67.3) | 67 (57.8) | 36 (55.4) |
Body weight in kg, median (IQR) | 59.4 (50.6–68.0)c | 61.6 (54.6–66.5)a | 59.8 (51.9–70.0)b | 57.7 (47.3–66.3)a | 57.4 (50.4–66.9) |
BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR) | 23.0 (20.9–25.0)d | 22.9 (21.7–25.6)a | 23.7 (21.6–25.2)b | 22.7 (20.3–24.6)b | 22.4 (20.3–24.9) |
  < 18.5 | 24 (7.7) | 1 (3.7) | 3 (2.9) | 13 (11.4) | 7 (10.8) |
 18.5 ≤ − < 25 | 210 (67.5) | 19 (70.4) | 73 (69.5) | 76 (66.7) | 42 (64.6) |
 25 ≤ − < 30 | 67 (21.5) | 7 (25.9) | 26 (24.8) | 19 (16.7) | 15 (23.1) |
 30≤ | 10 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (5.3) | 1 (1.5) |
Type of hospital visit | |||||
 Inpatients | 118 (37.3) | 5 (17.9) | 32 (29.9) | 51 (44.0) | 30 (46.2) |
 Outpatients | 198 (62.7) | 23 (82.1) | 75 (70.1) | 65 (56.0) | 35 (53.8) |
CrCl in mL/min, median (IQR) | 57.7 (43.9–78.5)c | 64.4 (48.5–82.1)a | 60.9 (50.2–82.5)b | 51.3 (40.1–64.7)a | 60.8 (43.3–94.4) |
 50≤ | 200 (64.1) | 19 (70.4) | 80 (76.2) | 61 (53.0) | 40 (61.5) |
 30 ≤ − < 50 | 90 (28.8) | 8 (29.6) | 21 (20.0) | 44 (38.3) | 17 (26.2) |
 15 ≤ − < 30 | 21 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (2.9) | 10 (8.7) | 8 (12.3) |
  < 15 | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Alcohol abuse | 11 (3.5) | 2 (7.1) | 4 (3.7) | 3 (2.6) | 2 (3.1) |
Smoking | 41 (13.0) | 4 (14.3) | 20 (18.7) | 8 (6.9) | 9 (13.8) |
History of warfarin use | 92 (29.1) | 10 (35.7) | 29 (27.1) | 40 (34.5) | 13 (20.0) |
History of bleeding | 42 (13.3) | 4 (14.3) | 13 (12.1) | 19 (16.4) | 6 (9.2) |
History of GIH | 14 (4.4) | 3 (10.7) | 2 (1.9) | 8 (6.9) | 1 (1.5) |
Comorbidities | |||||
 Hypertension | 210 (66.5) | 19 (67.9) | 68 (63.6) | 75 (64.7) | 48 (73.8) |
 Heart failure | 99 (31.3) | 7 (25.0) | 28 (26.2) | 41 (35.3) | 23 (35.4) |
 Myocardial infarction | 32 (10.1) | 3 (10.7) | 14 (13.1) | 11 (9.5) | 4 (6.2) |
 Dyslipidemia | 104 (32.9) | 13 (46.4) | 37 (34.6) | 29 (25.0) | 25 (38.5) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 79 (25.0) | 8 (28.6) | 24 (22.4) | 31 (26.7) | 16 (24.6) |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 41 (13.0) | 3 (10.7) | 11 (10.3) | 19 (16.4) | 8 (12.3) |
 Hepatitis | 17 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 7 (6.5) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (7.7) |
Polypharmacy | 129 (40.8) | 9 (32.1) | 37 (34.6) | 57 (49.1) | 26 (40.0) |
Concomitant drug use | |||||
 Antiplatelet drug | 79 (25.0) | 3 (10.7) | 36 (33.6) | 25 (21.6) | 15 (23.1) |
  SAPT | 55 (17.4) | 2 (7.1) | 27 (25.2) | 16 (13.8) | 10 (15.4) |
  DAPT | 13 (4.1) | 1 (3.6) | 4 (3.7) | 4 (3.4) | 4 (6.2) |
  Non-SAPT/DAPT | 17 (5.4) | 0 (0) | 9 (8.4) | 6 (5.2) | 2 (3.1) |
 NSAIDs | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1.5) |
 Amiodarone | 11 (3.5) | 2 (7.1) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (3.4) | 4 (6.2) |
 Verapamil | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Diltiazem | 11 (3.5) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (1.9) | 7 (6.0) | 1 (1.5) |
CHADS2 score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) |
 0–1 | 123 (38.9) | 12 (42.9) | 56 (52.3) | 33 (28.4) | 22 (33.8) |
  ≥ 2 | 193 (61.1) | 16 (57.1) | 51 (47.7) | 83 (71.6) | 43 (66.2) |
CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (2–5) |
 0–1 | 46 (14.6) | 4 (14.3) | 24 (22.4) | 9 (7.8) | 9 (13.8) |
 2–3 | 115 (36.4) | 13 (46.4) | 41 (38.3) | 40 (34.5) | 21 (32.3) |
  ≥ 4 | 155 (49.1) | 11 (39.3) | 42 (39.3) | 67 (57.8) | 35 (53.8) |
HAS-BLED score, median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) |
 0–2 | 252 (79.7) | 27 (96.4) | 85 (79.4) | 89 (76.7) | 51 (78.5) |
  ≥ 3 | 64 (20.3) | 1 (3.6) | 22 (20.6) | 27 (23.3) | 14 (21.5) |