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Table 3 Comparison of demographic characteristics between the appropriate and inappropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants

From: Inappropriate direct oral anticoagulant dosing in atrial fibrillation patients is associated with prescriptions for outpatients rather than inpatients: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Characteristics

Appropriate dosing (n = 240)

Inappropriate dosing (n = 69)

P value*

Age in year, median (IQR)

75 (66–82)

75 (67–79)

0.710

Male gender

146 (60.8)

46 (66.7)

0.379

Body weight in kg, median (IQR)

57.7 (50.0–69.0)a

61.3 (52.2–65.5)

0.581

BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR)

22.9 (20.8–24.9)a

23.2 (20.9–24.9)a

0.616

Type of hospital visit

  

0.039

 Inpatients

99 (41.3)

19 (27.5)

 

 Outpatients

141 (58.8)

50 (72.5)

 

CrCl in mL/min, median (IQR)

58.4 (42.4–81.0)a

56.4 (48.9–71.4)

0.882

Alcohol abuse

7 (2.9)

3 (4.3)

0.699**

Smoking

32 (13.3)

8 (11.6)

0.705

History of warfarin use

66 (27.5)

24 (34.8)

0.241

History of bleeding

28 (11.7)

14 (20.3)

0.066

History of GIH

9 (3.8)

5 (7.2)

0.320**

DOAC

  

0.464

 Dabigatran

21 (8.8)

6 (8.7)

 

 Rivaroxaban

80 (33.3)

24 (34.8)

 

 Apixaban

84 (35.0)

29 (42.0)

 

 Edoxaban

55 (22.9)

10 (14.5)

 

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

157 (65.4)

49 (71.0)

0.385

 Heart failure

73 (30.4)

26 (37.7)

0.254

 Myocardial infarction

19 (7.9)

12 (17.4)

0.021

 Dyslipidemia

79 (32.9)

24 (34.8)

0.772

 Diabetes mellitus

58 (24.2)

19 (27.5)

0.569

 Cerebrovascular disease

26 (10.8)

14 (20.3)

0.039

 Hepatitis

12 (5.0)

3 (4.3)

> 0.999**

Polypharmacy

91 (37.9)

35 (50.7)

0.056

Concomitant drug use

 Antiplatelet drug

55 (22.9)

22 (31.9)

0.1291

  SAPT

37 (15.4)

17 (24.6)

0.076

  DAPT

10 (4.2)

3 (4.3)

> 0.999**

  Non-SAPT/DAPT

11 (4.6)

4 (5.8)

0.751*

 NSAIDs

3 (1.3)

1 (1.4)

> 0.999**

 Amiodarone

8 (3.3)

3 (4.3)

0.714**

 Verapamil

2 (0.8)

1 (1.4)

0.533**

 Diltiazem

10 (4.2)

1 (1.4)

0.466**

CHADS2, median (IQR)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.052

 0–1

98 (40.8)

21 (30.4)

0.118

  ≥ 2

142 (59.2)

48 (69.6)

 

CHA2DS2-VASc, median (IQR)

3 (2–4)

4 (3–5)

0.021

 0–1

40 (16.7)

3 (4.3)

0.0312

 2–3

87 (36.3)

27 (39.1)

 

  ≥ 4

113 (47.1)

39 (56.5)

 

HAS-BLED, median (IQR)

1 (1–2)

2 (1–3)

< 0.001

 0–2

198 (82.5)

49 (71.0)

0.036

  ≥ 3

42 (17.5)

20 (29.0)

 
  1. Missing data: a n-1
  2. Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; CrCl, Creatinine clearance; DAPT, Dual antiplatelet therapy; DOAC, Direct oral anticoagulants; GIH, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage; IQR, Interquartile range; NSAID, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SAPT, Single antiplatelet therapy
  3. *Comparison between the appropriate and inappropriate dosing of direct oral anticoagulants by using the chi–squared test or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate) for proportions and the Mann–Whitney U test for medians
  4. **Fisher’s exact test
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

ISSN: 2055-0294

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