Fig. 2

Forest plot of meta-analysis of fracture risk associated with anticholinergic burden using ARS. Gray box (■) represents sample size in each study. Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are shown. The analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel method with random effects model. *Drugs with ARS 1 point used were carbidopa-levodopa (60.7%), quetiapine (9.6%), metoclopramide (8.7%), pramipexole (8.4%), haloperidol (6.4%), entacapone (6.3%), risperidone (5.1%), mirtazapine (4.9%), paroxetine (4.4%), trazodone (4.1%), ranitidine (3.5%), selegiline (2.5%), ziprasidone (0.9%), and methocarbamol (0.6%). Drugs with ARS 2 points used were olanzapine (4.6%), amantadine (4.1%), tolterodine (3.3%), loratadine (2.1%), prochlorperazine (2.1%), loperamide (1.8%), cyclobenzaprine (1.3%), nortriptyline (0.6%), cetirizine (0.5%), clozapine (0.4%), cimetidine (0.3%), desipramine (0.1%), and pseudoephedrine (< 0.01%). Drugs with ARS 3 points used were diphenhydramine (7.6%), promethazine (6.1%), oxybutynin (3.4%), atropine (2.6%), hydroxyzine (2.4%), benztropine (2.2%), amitriptyline (1.7%), meclizine (1.5%), hyoscyamine (0.6%), dicyclomine (0.6%), tizanidine (0.3%), chlorpromazine (0.3%), perphenazine (0.3%), cyproheptadine (0.3%), imipramine (0.2%), carisoprodol (0.2%), thioridazine (0.1%), chlorpheniramine (0.1%), fluphenazine (0.1%), trifluoperazine (0.1%), and thiothixene (0.1%)