Table 1 Characteristics of patients and GC-MS detected drugs

Sex (Male/Female)

27/105

6/14

21/91

Age (average ± S.D.)

35.3 ± 14.9

42.3 ± 15.1

34.0 ± 14.5

0.01

 Antidepressants (n [%])

13 [9.8]

3 [15.0]

10 [8.9]

0.40

 Antipsychotics (n [%])

33 [25.0]

11 [55.0]

22 [19.6]

0.0008

 Anticonvulsants (n [%])

51 [38.6]

12 [60.0]

39 [34.8]

0.03

 BZs (n [%])

58 [43.9]

8 [40.0]

50 [44.6]

0.70

 Antidepressants (n [%])

4 [3.0]

0 [0]

4 [3.6]

0.39

 Antipsychotics (n [%])

5 [3.8]

2 [10.0]

3 [2.7]

0.11

 Anticonvulsants (n [%])

5 [3.8]

4 [20.0]

1 [0.9]

< 0.0001

 BZs (n [%])

32 [24.2]

4 [20.0]

28 [25.0]

0.63

 E (average ± S.D.)

2.9 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.2

3.1 ± 1.1

< 0.0001

 V (average ± S.D.)

3.6 ± 1.6

2.3 ± 1.3

3.9 ± 1.5

< 0.0001

 M (average ± S.D.)

5.3 ± 1.3

4.4 ± 1.8

5.5 ± 1.1

< 0.0001

 Total (average ± S.D.)

11.9 ± 3.7

8.5 ± 3.6

12.5 ± 3.3

< 0.0001

 0 (n [%])

3 [2.3]

0 [0]

3 [2.7]

0.46

 1 (n [%])

58 [43.9]

4 [20]

54 [48.2]

0.02

 2 (n [%])

41 [31.1]

4 [20]

37 [33.0]

0.25

 3 (n [%])

30 [22.7]

12 [60]

18 [16.1]

< 0.0001

Body temperature (°C)

36.4 ± 0.87

36.6 ± 1.7

36.3 ± 0.6

0.50

Pulse rate (beats/min)

91 ± 26.5 *

106.4 ± 26.9

88.2 ± 25.4 *

(0.004)

Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

20.1 ± 8.9 **

21.5 ± 8.3 *

19.9 ± 9.0 ***

(0.43)

PO₂ (mmHg)

155.6 ± 137.4 **

238.6 ± 166.2

140.1 ± 125.4 **

(0.58)

Time from patient discovery to sample collection (average ± S.D. [minutes])

62.1 ± 66.9 *

89.3 ± 104.9

57.1 ± 56.1 *

(0.53)

Time from patient discovery to transportation (average ± S.D. [minutes])

46.7 ± 42.4 *

42.6 ± 23.4

47.5 ± 44.9 *

(0.82)