| | Period 1 (n = 221) | Period 2 (n = 181) | Period 3 (n = 310) |
|---|
Median (IQR), seconds | Median (IQR), seconds | p–values vs Period 1 | Median (IQR), seconds | p–values vs Period 1 | p–values vs Period 2 |
|---|
Work time |
Pharmacists | 60 (26–176) | 69 (40–130) | 0.364 | 23 (12–48) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
Robot | – | 19 (12–38) | – | 17 (10–32) | – | – |
Pharmacy support staff | – | – | – | 21 (10–45) | – | – |
TOTAL | 60 (26–176) | 87 (54–167) | p < 0.001* | 61 (35–140) | 0.556 | p < 0.001* |
- The work time of robot is defined as the operating time of Drug Station® for each prescription. In period 1, the work time of pharmacists (defined as the time required for manually preparing and dispensing medicines by pharmacist) was measured. In period 2, the work time of robot and the work time of pharmacists (including the total time required for preparing medicines using Drug Station® by one pharmacist and dispensing medicines by another pharmacist) were measured. In period 3, the work time of robot and the work time of pharmacy support staff (defined as the time required for preparing medicines using Drug Station® by pharmacy support staff) and the work time of pharmacists (defined as the time required for dispensing medicines by pharmacist) were measured
- Abbreviation: IQR Interquartile range
- * Statistically significant after adjustment using the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0167 for Mann–Whitney U test)
