Categories of additional reimbursement for infection prevention | ARIP 1 (n = 173) | ARIP 2 (n = 105) | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of pharmacists | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.05 |
2–4 | 4 (2.3%) | 14 (13.3%) | ||
5–9 | 65 (37.4%) | 55 (52.4%) | ||
10–19 | 93 (54.0%) | 34 (32.4%) | ||
≥20 | 11 (6.3%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Types of medical institutions | General hospitals | 165 (95.4%) | 92 (87.6%) | < 0.05 |
Care-mixa | 7 (4.0%) | 11 (10.5%) | ||
NA | 1 (0.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
average number of beds per pharmacist | Mean value (95% CI) | 21.7 (20.4–23.1) | 24.7 (22.6–26.8) | < 0.05 |
Average length of hospital stay | Median value (min-max) | 14.3 (12.3–17.0) | 15.4 (13.7–24.0) | < 0.01 |
Pharmaceutical management and guidance to inpatients | Fairly well | 99 (57.2%) | 69 (65.7%) | 0.4150 |
Often | 47 (27.2%) | 24 (22.7%) | ||
Sometimes | 21 (12.1%) | 9 (8.6%) | ||
Not implemented | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | ||
NA | 6 (3.5%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Pharmaceutical management and guidance to pre-hospitalization patients | Fairly well | 48 (27.8%) | 42 (40.0%) | < 0.05 |
Often | 34 (19.7%) | 9 (8.6%) | ||
Sometimes | 52 (30.0%) | 29 (27.6%) | ||
Not implemented | 32 (18.5%) | 24 (22.9%) | ||
NA | 7 (4.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | ||
Pharmaceutical management and guidance to outpatients | Fairly well | 27 (15.6%) | 8 (7.6%) | 0.0709 |
Often | 26 (15.0%) | 10 (9.5%) | ||
Sometimes | 85 (49.1%) | 57 (54.3%) | ||
Not implemented | 26 (15.0%) | 26 (24.8%) | ||
NA | 9 (5.2%) | 4 (3.8%) | ||
Dispensing for inpatients (internal and external drugs) | Fairly well | 136 (78.6%) | 90 (85.7%) | 0.3422 |
Often | 18 (10.4%) | 10 (9.5%) | ||
Sometimes | 9 (5.2%) | 3 (2.9%) | ||
NA | 10 (5.8%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Dispensing for inpatients (injection drugs) | Fairly well | 124 (71.7%) | 79 (75.2%) | 0.3464 |
Often | 30 (17.3%) | 13 (12.4%) | ||
Sometimes | 11 (6.3%) | 6 (5.7%) | ||
Not implemented | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (2.9%) | ||
NA | 8 (4.6%) | 4 (3.8%) | ||
Dispensing and management guidance for outpatients (internal, external, and injection drugs) | Fairly well | 41 (23.7%) | 23 (21.9%) | < 0.05 |
Often | 26 (15.0%) | 12 (11.4%) | ||
Sometimes | 96 (55.5%) | 60 (57.1%) | ||
Not implemented | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (5.7%) | ||
NA | 10 (5.8%) | 4 (3.8%) | ||
Sterile drug processing of injection drugs for inpatients | Fairly well | 56 (32.3%) | 32 (30.5%) | < 0.05 |
Often | 44 (25.4%) | 19 (18.1%) | ||
Sometimes | 61 (35.3%) | 32 (30.5%) | ||
Not implemented | 5 (2.9%) | 20 (19.1%) | ||
NA | 7 (4.0%) | 4 (3.8%) | ||
Sterile drug processing of injection drugs for outpatients | Fairly well | 55 (31.8%) | 30 (28.6%) | < 0.05 |
Often | 34 (19.7%) | 12 (11.4%) | ||
Sometimes | 54 (31.2%) | 35 (33.3%) | ||
Not implemented | 22 (12.7%) | 26 (24.8%) | ||
NA | 8 (4.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Drug information management | Fairly well | 69 (39.9%) | 46 (43.8%) | 0.2289 |
Often | 51 (29.5%) | 38 (36.2%) | ||
Sometimes | 44 (25.4%) | 19 (18.1%) | ||
NA | 9 (5.2%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Therapeutic drug monitoring | Fairly well | 29 (16.8%) | 14 (13.3%) | 0.0744 |
Often | 44 (25.4%) | 18 (17.1%) | ||
Sometimes | 79 (45.7%) | 54 (51.4%) | ||
Not implemented | 13 (7.5%) | 17 (16.2%) | ||
NA | 8 (4.6%) | 2 (1.9%) | ||
Participation in cross-hospital medical teams (e.g., infection control team, antimicrobial stewardship team, and nutrition support team) | Fairly well | 68 (39.4%) | 40 (38.1%) | 0.6093 |
Often | 51 (29.5%) | 32 (30.5%) | ||
Sometimes | 40 (23.1%) | 27 (25.7%) | ||
Not implemented | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.0%) | ||
NA | 14 (8.1%) | 5 (4.8%) | ||
Education (includes pharmacy student education) and Research | Fairly well | 34 (19.7%) | 13 (12.4%) | < 0.05 |
Often | 35 (20.2%) | 18 (17.1%) | ||
Sometimes | 62 (35.8%) | 30 (28.6%) | ||
Not implemented | 34 (19.7%) | 39 (37.1%) | ||
NA | 8 (4.6%) | 5 (4.8%) | ||
Percentage of out-of-hospital prescriptions issued | ≥80% | 145 (83.8%) | 86 (81.9%) | 0.9279 |
60% to less than 80% | 5 (2.9%) | 4 (3.8%) | ||
40% to less than 60% | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
< 40% | 17 (9.8%) | 13 (12.3%) | ||
NA | 5 (2.9%) | 2 (1.9%) |